{"created":"2023-05-15T13:35:37.226485+00:00","id":6925,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8f70e424-364a-420a-9ae5-177bab3766a8"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"6925","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"6925"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006925","sets":["20:1178:1186"]},"author_link":["28080","28081"],"item_10001_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1957-03-11","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"187","bibliographicPageEnd":"35","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"美術研究"},{"bibliographic_title":"The bijutsu kenkyu : the journal of art studies","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10001_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"     This scroll-painting, labelled Manuscrit Chinois 4524 in La Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris where it is preserved, was introduced for the first time in 1947, and its facsimile, with notes by Madame Nicole Vandier-Nicholas, was published near the end of 1954. Thanks to the kindness of Madame M. R. Guignard, I had an opportunity to examine it in 1951. In view of its importance in the history of Oriental painting, I wish to give here a brief report of my studies.\n     The scroll, lacking its first and last portions, is 27cm. in width (vertical measurement) and 574 cm. in length (horizontal). It contains a story about the construction of the vihāra and garden - Jetavana dedicated to Sakyamuni : it is a portion of the story in which six “heretics” or non-Buddhists, with Raudraksa as their spokesman, try to prevent Sudatta from donating the estate for the Jetavana. In the presence of the king, they engage in a contest of magic power with Sariputra, representing the Buddha's disciples. The heretics are defeated and converted to the Buddhist faith. The story is given in various Buddhist scriptures, the later ones describing it in more intricate forms. The Hsien-yü-ching, a collection of Buddhist legends in Khotan, edited by Chinese monks in the fifth century (455), narrates the competition in a series of six bouts. Later on, after the eighth century, the story began to be told in monasteries in China to secular people in an interesting, easily understandable manner called suchiang (popular sermons) which enhanced the story with literary ornaments. The text of these su-chiang is recorded in several versions in manuscripts entitled chiang-mo pien-wên (evil-subduing story) discovered at Tun-huang. Of these the copy in the collection of Mr. Hu Shih-chih (a small portion at the beginning of which is kept by the British Museum as “Stein 5511”; see Fig. 1) is nearly perfect.\n     The chiang-mo pien-wên is in the characteristic form of pien-wên, consisting of alternate repetitions of narration in prose and verse (in this case each line consisting of seven characters). The competition between Raudraksa and Sariputra is told in the following six scenes: (The six matches are the same as those described in the Hsien-yü-ching, but are given in a different order.) (1) Raudraksa with his magic causes a mountain to appear; Sariputra transforms himself into Vajrapani and smashes it. (2) Raudraksa turns himself into a big buffalo, but Sariputra, transforming himself into a lion, defeats it. (3) Raudraksa creates a beautiful lake; Sariputra, in the figure of a white six-tusked elephant, drinks up the entive water. (4) Raudraksa calls forth a terrific dragon; Sariputra invokes the giant bird Garuda, which pecks the dragon to death. (5) Raudraksa, assuming the form of a demon, attacks Sariputra, who summons Vaisravana to conquer him. (6) Raudraksa produces a big tree; Sariputra calls on the wind god to blow it down. Thus beaten in all matches, the heretics are converted to Buddhism. The scroll under discussion, of which the beginning and the end are now missing (Pl. V & Fig. 5) begins with the middle part of the match (1) and goes through (2) to (5) in the order as. given in the pien-wên, ending with the beginning portion of (6).\n     It is to be noted that the text of this scroll consists only of the stanzas, each inscribed on the reverse side of the paper near the end of each scene to which it pertains (each scene being about 120 cm. long). The fact indicates that probably while the scroll was being shown to the audience to illustrate the story. The text was read from the reverse side. We have literary sources which suggest a close interrelation between the pien-wên and painting. The existence of this scroll is an actual proof attesting to such interrelation.\n     The magic competition of Sariputra and Raudraksa is a theme used quite frequently in murals in the Tun-huang area. The cave No. 9 in the western Ch’ien--fc-tung group has an example presumed to date back to the Northern Wei or Sui Dynasty; at Ch’ien-fo--tung there are twelve, and at Wanfo-hsia in An-hsi there are three. (Of these, eight at Ch’ien-fo-tung are reproduced in Pelliot : Les Giottes de Touen-houang, and one at Wan-fo-hsia is illustrated in Stein : Serindia.) Excepting the one (Fig. 9) at the Cave No. 149 in the Pelliot system, dated about 686 and differing in composition from others, all these are datable in the second half of the ninth to the end of the tenth centuries, and are approximately similar in composition. In all probability they were painted in conformity with a certain prototype. Furthermore, examination, through Pelliot's notes, of the text (given at the end of this article), inscribed in cartouches on the painting at the Cave No. 8, reveals that it contains at least ten passages which are faithful quotations from the chiang-mo pien-wên. From these facts we are led to believe that the murals, dealing with the competition between Satiputra and Raudraksa, which were painted very frequently during the ninth to tenth centuries, were derived from the chiang-mo pien-wên, and that they began to have a prescribed form when they were enriched with additional elements in detailed parts to improve their compositions as wall-paintings.\n     The scroll-painting brought back by Pelliot does not reveal such conventions as are noticed in the murals. Most likely the scroll was painted a little earlier, porhaps in the first half of the ninth century. Its crude but powerful manner of depiction carries the same fresh vigour as that of popular literature which the pien-wên was.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"秋山, 光和"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Akiyama, Terukazu","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-12-27"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"187_1_Akiyama_Redacted.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"48.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"187_1_Akiyama_Redacted.pdf","url":"https://tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/6925/files/187_1_Akiyama_Redacted.pdf"},"version_id":"1a102951-c5d8-4889-8661-b0ea66377af8"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"降魔変（牢度叉変）画巻（パリ　国立図書館蔵）ペリオ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"A Scroll-painting, Illustrating the Pien-wen, about the Magic Competition between Sariputra and Raudraksa; Brought Back by Paul Pelliot from Tun-Huang","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"journal article","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"敦煌本降魔変（牢度叉闘聖変）画巻について","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"敦煌本降魔変（牢度叉闘聖変）画巻について"},{"subitem_title":"A Scroll-painting, Illustrating the Pien-wen, about the Magic Competition between Sariputra and Raudraksa; Brought Back by Paul Pelliot from Tun-Huang","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10001","owner":"3","path":["1186"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2016-12-27"},"publish_date":"2016-12-27","publish_status":"0","recid":"6925","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["敦煌本降魔変（牢度叉闘聖変）画巻について"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-05-15T14:10:30.630121+00:00"}