{"created":"2023-05-15T13:35:35.996240+00:00","id":6897,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"c2e73313-9ba7-4588-8e6b-4560de269e5f"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"6897","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"6897"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006897","sets":["20:1178:1182"]},"author_link":["28023","28022"],"item_10001_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1956-02-29","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"183","bibliographicPageEnd":"7","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"美術研究"},{"bibliographic_title":"The bijutsu kenkyu : the journal of art studies","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10001_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"     The statue of Fudō Myōō (Acala) discussed here is kept in the Fudō-dō (Acala Hall) at the Sai-in (West Block) in the Kyōōgokoku-ji, the cathedral of esoteric Buddhism in Kyoto popularly known as Tō-ji. The site of the Sai-in is traditionally said to have been the place where the dwelling of the priest Kūkai (titled Kōbō Daishi), the founder of the Shingon Sect of esoteric Buddhism in Japan, originally stood, and the statue under discussion has been revered as the tutelary icon of the great priest. Be that as it may, the statue dates from about the time of Kūkai (774-835).\n     It is frequently the custom with many Japanese monasteries to keep their statues of religious importance as hibutsu (secret or hidden image), which they keep concealed from human eyes behind the closed doors of their sanctuaries except on the periodical “door-opening days” once in several years, say twenty or thirty years. The present statue has long been one of those. Last year after the interval of many years, it was allowed to be seen by a limited personnel during the repair work of the building. The opportunity was taken by governmental experts for its examination from artistic point of view, and the statue has been designated as a National Treasure.\n     The statue is made in the method known as ichiboku (“single wood-block”) carving, which attests to its old age among wooden statues. The manner of the Nara Period (eighth century) is still retained in its use of “dry-lacquer” for the surface finish on some of its portions. (About ichiboku and “dry-lacquer”, cf. the Bijutsu Kenkyū, No. 171). Having been kept as a hibutsu, it has retained its original colouring on its bodily parts and on decorative patterns on its clothing, although they are somewhat tarnished with time.\n     Fudō Myōō is one of the most important divinities in the Shingon Buddhism, the new sect of Buddhism introduced from T'ang China during the ninth century by the priest Kūkai. The making of his images in Japan began in the Early Heian Period (ninth Century). The iconographic features of the esoteric divinities were transmitted from China by Kūkai and other priests, who studied them in China and who brought back\nconographic drawings to Japan. The chief illustrations of Buddhist iconography were maṇḍala, (graphic hierarchic diagram of Buddhist divinities). Images of Fudō Myōō appearing in maṇḍala, and in paintings following their descriptions, are mostly depicted with their faces looking obliquely, while Japanese Fudō statues almost universally face to their front (that is, towards the worshipper). The statue under discussion has its head turned obliquely. Another similar example is found in the same Kyōōgokoku-ji, namely the one placed in the Kōdō (Lecture Hall) at the monastery, which also dates back to the time of the priest Kūkai. The fact that the two old statues, existing in one of the oldest monasteries of the Esoteric Buddhism, are in this form proves that they are sculptural versions of the oblique images depicted in maṇḍala. From all of its method of carving, its style and its form, the statue in question is obviously a work not later than the middle part of the ninth century. Taking the history of the Kyōōgokoku-ji in consideration, we can safely assert that it is the first, or at least one of the first examples of Fudō in Japanese sculpture.\n     The statue is a very fine work of art, and is a perfect embodiment of Fudō's character as described in the esoteric Buddhism. It is the oldest specimen not only of Fudō but of esoteric Buddhist divinities in general in Japanese sculpture, and no doubt the best work of Fudō statues in existence. Japanese sculpture in the time of this statue experienced a period in which the newly imported esoteric Buddhist art achieved a height of its development. From another viewpoint it may be called a specimen holding proof to the splendour of Chinese T'ang art (towards the close of the T'ang Dynasty) which influenced upon Japanese sculpture of the time.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"丸尾, 彰三郎"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Maruo, Shozaburo","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-12-27"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"183_1_Maruo_Redacted.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"8.0 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"183_1_Maruo_Redacted.pdf","url":"https://tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/6897/files/183_1_Maruo_Redacted.pdf"},"version_id":"0cb2b83f-dc6b-43a4-bdfa-7f47cc1db8e9"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"不動明王像及光背部分（京都　教王護国寺蔵）東寺","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"The Statue of Fudo Myoo in the Sai-in, Kyoogokoku-ji Monastery","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"journal article","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"教王護国寺西院不動明王像","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"教王護国寺西院不動明王像"},{"subitem_title":"The Statue of Fudo Myoo in the Sai-in, Kyoogokoku-ji Monastery","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10001","owner":"3","path":["1182"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2016-12-27"},"publish_date":"2016-12-27","publish_status":"0","recid":"6897","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["教王護国寺西院不動明王像"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-05-15T14:09:14.293100+00:00"}