@article{oai:tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003153,
 author = {服部, 比呂美 and HATTORI, Hiromi},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {無形文化遺産研究報告, Research and Reports on Intangible Cultural Heritage},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Hassaku, or August 1 on the lunar calendar, has long been recognized as the day when ears of rice appear. On the day, farming communities have traditionally organized various ceremonies, praying for abundant crop and holding preliminary celebrations of good harvest. For example, people reap their first ears of rice and dedicate them to god; the head of a farming family conducts “tahome,” in which he walks around his rice fields, praying to the god of rice-fields for good harvest; and people pray so as to drive away harmful insects (mushi-okuri).
     Meanwhile, hassaku has been considered as the day that marks the transition from summer to autumn, the day when people begin to work at night, the day when servants end their terms of service, and also the day that marks the end of the series of Bon events.
     With such functions aside, hassaku is a special day of “tanomi” (reliance), when people give presents to others as a token of special thanks for their daily support and patronage. In older days, the custom of present-giving was observed particularly well among the warrior class. The Muromachi shogunate, for example, established posts called hassaku bugyo or otanomi bugyo. In the Edo period, hassaku was valued as an official memorial day when feudal lords visited the Edo castle, clad in the formal attire of white kimono and long hakama. At the Imperial Palace, on the other hand, a ceremony was held to show horses, presented by the shogunate, to the emperor.
     While hassaku serves as a day for such a variety of events, people in some areas celebrate hassaku as something equivalent to the Girls’ Festival (March 3) or the Boys’ Festival (May 5). In Seisan area, or western Kaga prefecture, people hold umasekku (seasonal festival of horses) on hassaku to celebrate the birth and growth of boys.
     The term umasekku derives from the tradition in which dango-uma, a toy horse made by pressing dumpling dough of rice flour onto a horse-shaped armature, is displayed along with warrior dolls in an alcove in the living room or at the entrance of a house. Although many households made their own dango-uma in earlier days, that tradition has barely survived by the hands of confectioners today.
     The current paper reports methods of making dango-uma and the present situation surrounding its practitioners, based on research conducted in places including Marugame and Kotohira-cho, Nakatado-gun. The paper also surveys ornaments made and used in and around the area.},
 pages = {89--129},
 title = {八朔の馬節供　西讃地方の団子馬製作を中心に},
 year = {2010}
}