{"created":"2023-05-15T13:33:50.955193+00:00","id":3138,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3cb3de93-97c3-40e9-9108-598dbb65c960"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"3138","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"3138"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003138","sets":["459:462"]},"author_link":["7568","7569"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2009-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"3","bibliographicPageEnd":"20","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"無形文化遺産研究報告"},{"bibliographic_title":"Research and Reports on Intangible Cultural Heritage","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"     The author has placed focus on the study of nohkan (a transverse flute used in noh) and  ryuteki (a transverse flute used in gagaku) and has been investigating its manufacturing methods  by radiography. As a result it was found that, in addition to what had been considered the  conventional method for the manufacture of transverse flutes, there were other ways.\n     Nohkan is made of bamboo. A small bamboo tube called nodo is inserted into the bamboo,  between the mouth hole and the first finger hole in order to make the inner diameter of the flute  smaller. Although it is not clear why or when nodo began to be inserted, it inhibits stable temperament.\n     Murakami Suigun Museum in Imabari, Ehime prefecture has two nohkan in its collection.  They have been handed down in the Murakami family, famous for its valor as pirates from the  medieval to the early modern ages. Radiographs were taken of these two flutes. One of them was  found to have been made by a typical manufacturing method. It was found that the inner diameter  of the other flute is narrow, too, but nodo cannot be seen in the photograph. The two cuts  between the mouth hole and the finger hole on this flute show that bamboo with walls of different  thickness was used for this part. Thus the inner diameter of this part is smaller than that of  the rest. It was not known until this investigation that bamboo with walls of different thickness  could be jointed to make nohkan instead of inserting nodo.\n     Nohkan in which bamboo with walls of different thickness was used was also discovered at  Kikkawa Shiryokan, a historical museum in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi prefecture. This nohkan is said  to have been in the collection of the first lord of Iwakuni, Hiroie (1561_1625). Onthe other hand,  the nohkan of the Murakami family is said to have been used by Murakami Kagechika (1558_  1610), master of the family during the Momoyama period, when he first went to war. Since both  men are of the same generation, there is a great possibility that nohkan made by this method  existed during the Momoyama period.\n     The structure of the nohkan in the collection of The Tokugawa Art Museum in Nagoya, Aichi  prefecture is unique. Nodo has not been inserted, but there is no trace to show that bamboo with  walls of different thickness had been jointed. What method was used to make this nohkan needs  to be made clear, but it has been confirmed that there were several methods for making nohkan.\n     Since its appearance is similar to that of ryuteki, nohkan was said to have developed from  ryuteki. It was presumed that when ryuteki was broken for some reason, it was remade by inserting  a separate tube to hold the broken pieces together, taking care that the damage would not be  conspicuous from the outside. The method of inserting nodo makes one think of repair work.  However, the method of jointing bamboo with walls of different thickness can be thought of  apart from repair. The discovery that bamboo with walls of different thickness was used to make  the inner diameter of a part of the nohkan smaller may change the hitherto held theory that  nohkan developed in the process of repairing ryuteki.\n     Moreover, the difference between nohkan and ryuteki does not lie only in the presence or  absence of nodo. The distance between the finger holes is also slightly different. The distance  between the finger holes of the two nohkan in the collection of Murakami Suigun Museum differs.  The position of the finger holes of the one in which bamboo with walls of different thickness is  used is different from that of a standard nohkan. It points at the possibility that narrowing the  inner diameter may not have been the only method for making nohkan, that changing the distance  between the finger holes may also have been employed.\n     Ankokuji in Fukuyama, Hiroshima prefecture is a Zen temple constructed in 1273. A transverse  flute was found inside the body of the main statue of the temple, that of Amitabha. Since  the statue was made in 1274, the transverse flute would have been manufactured in the  Kamakura period. Although the method used to make this flute is different from the one used  today, radiography show that its structure is very simple. It was made by opening a mouth hole  and finger holes on bamboo whose node had not been removed and winding hemp around the  bamboo. Transverse flutes in which nodes have not been removed have been confirmed only in  the Shosoin Treasures and in the body of K_stigarbha Bodhisattva at Jako’in, the latter of which  was also made during the Kamakura period. Thus, it has become clear that there were also  several steps in the development of the method for the manufacture of transverse flutes.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.18953/00003128","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"高桑, いづみ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"TAKAKUWA, Izumi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2017-07-13"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"03_1_Takakuwa.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"20.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"03_1_Takakuwa.pdf","url":"https://tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/3138/files/03_1_Takakuwa.pdf"},"version_id":"c2a3184c-764a-49dd-8c18-fb9c36b1bea8"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"X線透過撮影による能管・龍笛の構造解明","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"X線透過撮影による能管・龍笛の構造解明"},{"subitem_title":"Manufacturing Methods for Nohkan and Ryuteki as Clarified by Radiography","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["462"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2017-07-13"},"publish_date":"2017-07-13","publish_status":"0","recid":"3138","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["X線透過撮影による能管・龍笛の構造解明"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T15:10:43.702826+00:00"}